Representation: Clarify Terms & Symbols
The semantic elements through which information is presented—the words, symbols, numbers, icons, and language structures—are differentially accessible to learners with varying backgrounds, languages, and lexical knowledge. To ensure accessibility for all, key vocabulary, labels, icons, and symbols should be linked to, or associated with, alternate representations of their meaning.
Case Study: Laundry Tags
Consider the two images below. If you were responsible for washing an important piece of clothing, which label would you prefer?
Most would prefer the image on the right. Not only does it have icons for easy visual scanning, but labels are provided for those who don't know what the icons represent.
Many students have a similar experience in the classroom. They are inundated with symbols, terms, and language structures that they might not be familiar with. To ensure accessibility for all, key vocabulary, labels, icons, and symbols should be linked to, or associated with, alternate representations of their meaning (e.g., an embedded glossary or definition, a graphic equivalent, a chart or map).
Case Study: Language
The same consideration applies to language. Consider the following paragraph. What does it mean?
"The complex regulations, which were revised in accordance with the preliminary but non-binding recommendations of the subcommittee, notwithstanding the objections raised in the previous fiscal quarter regarding the interpretative discrepancies, must be adhered to unless superseded by subsequent legislative amendments."
Can you understand what this paragraph is saying? If so, bravo! But what if it were spoken quickly during a lecture instead of being read on a screen? Or what if English wasn't your first language?
Try the following
Pre-teach vocabulary and include a vocabulary guide with lessons and assignments
Introduce key terms before diving into new content to give students a foundation for understanding. Provide a glossary with definitions, examples, and visual supports. Use multiple formats—such as word walls, flashcards, or interactive digital tools—to reinforce vocabulary over time. Encourage students to use these terms in discussions, assignments, and assessments to build familiarity and confidence.
Make relationships between elements explicit through diagrams and maps
Use concept maps, flowcharts, and graphic organizers to visually represent connections between ideas. Show how concepts build on one another, helping students see patterns and structures within the content. Encourage students to create their own diagrams to deepen their understanding and make their thinking visible.
Highlight how complex terms, expressions, or equations are composed of simpler words or symbols
Break down complex language and symbols into their component parts. For example, deconstruct mathematical equations by explaining what each symbol represents or analyze technical terms by identifying their root words and prefixes. Use color coding, annotations, and side-by-side comparisons to make these relationships clearer. Encourage students to practice this breakdown process themselves to develop problem-solving strategies.
